Cells (Form and function) mind map

Each branch is one subtopic. Read it out loud and try to explain every word.

Cells (Form and function) mind map · IB Diploma Biology SL · clockitwithsci.com

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Cells (Form and function)

Membranes and transport
- Lipid bilayer
  - Amphipathic phospholipids
  - Hydrophobic core is a barrier
  - O₂, CO₂ by simple diffusion
- Osmosis
  - Water to higher solute concentration
  - Aquaporins speed it up
- Transport proteins
  - Channels: facilitated diffusion
  - Pumps: ATP, against gradient
  - Selective permeability
- Fluid mosaic model
  - Integral and peripheral proteins
  - Glycoproteins and glycolipids outside
  - Recognition and adhesion
Organelles
- Organelles
  - Discrete subunits, specific functions
  - Not wall, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm
- Cell fractionation
  - Ultracentrifuge
  - Nuclei pellet first
- Compartmentalization
  - Nucleus: modify mRNA first
  - Concentrate enzymes and substrates
  - Lysosomes, phagocytic vacuoles
Cell specialization
- Differentiation
  - Zygote → unspecialized cells
  - Gradients control gene expression
- Stem cells
  - Divide endlessly, differentiate
  - Niches: bone marrow, hair follicles
  - Toti-, pluri-, multipotent
- Cell size and SA:V
  - Gametes, blood cells, neurons, muscle
  - Cube SA:V = 6 ÷ L
  - Exchange: area; need: volume