Molecules (Form and function) mind map

Each branch is one subtopic. Read it out loud and try to explain every word.

Molecules (Form and function) mind map · IB Diploma Biology SL · clockitwithsci.com

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Molecules (Form and function)

Carbohydrates and lipids
- Carbon: up to four covalent bonds
  - Single and double bonds
  - Chains, branches, rings
- Condensation and hydrolysis
  - Condensation releases water
  - Hydrolysis splits water
  - Glycosidic, peptide, phosphodiester
- Monosaccharides
  - Pentoses and hexoses
  - Alpha versus beta glucose
  - Glucose soluble, stable
- Polysaccharides
  - Starch and glycogen: compact stores
  - Cellulose: straight cross-linked chains
- Glycoproteins
  - Cell–cell recognition
  - ABO antigens
- Triglycerides and fatty acids
  - Glycerol + three fatty acids
  - C=C lowers melting point
  - Adipose: storage, insulation
- Phospholipids and steroids
  - Amphipathic, form bilayers
  - Four fused rings
  - Oestradiol, testosterone cross membranes
Proteins
- Amino acid structure
  - Alpha carbon
  - Amine, carboxyl, H, R-group
- Peptide bonds
  - Condensation releases water
  - Dipeptide to polypeptide
- Diet and diversity
  - Essential versus non-essential
  - Vegan diets
  - 20 amino acids, any order
- Denaturation
  - Heat breaks weak bonds
  - pH changes R-group charges
  - Usually permanent